Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) osmoregulatory development plays a key role in sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) tolerance
نویسندگان
چکیده
Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) of fish-farm origin have been implicated in reducing populations of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in British Columbia’s Broughton Archipelago. Owing to the physically disruptive nature of louse attachment to fish skin in a hyperosmotic environment, we hypothesize that the impacts on fish performance are ionoregulatory in origin. Therefore, ionoregulatory status was measured in juvenile pink salmon artificially infected in the laboratory and naturally infected in the wild. Body [Na+] of laboratory-infected fish (∼1 week seawater (SW); 0.2–0.4 g) increased significantly by 12% with a single chalimus-4 louse, and by 23% with 2–3 chalimus-3 lice. Mortality over this 24-day trial was 2.4% for fish initially infected with 1–3 lice. Body [Na+] for fish caught with natural infections (∼4–12 weeks SW; 0.5–1.5 g) did not differ from uninfected controls. Combining data sets revealed a “no effect” threshold of 0.5 g for body [Na+] of fish infected with one chalimus-4 louse. We propose that this size-related louse tolerance is associated with hypo-osmoregulatory development, adding to a previously suggested multifactorial mechanism based on epidermal and immune system development. We suggest management bodies consider this fish-mass threshold when planning to minimize risk to wild fish populations. Résumé : Les poux de mer (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) provenant de piscicultures ont été impliqués dans la réduction des populations de saumons roses (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) dans l'archipel de Broughton en Colombie-Britannique. À cause de la nature perturbatrice de type physique de la fixation des poux à la peau des poissons en milieu hyperosmotique, nous posons l'hypothèse selon laquelle les impacts sur la performance des poissons se font au niveau de la régulation ionique. Le statut d'ionorégulation a été mesuré chez de jeunes saumons roses infectés artificiellement au laboratoire et d'autres infectés naturellement dans le milieu. Le [Na+] corporel des poissons infectés en laboratoire (∼1 semaine en eau de mer (SW); 0,2– 0,4 g) augmente significativement de 12 % en présence d'un seul pou de stade chalimus 4 et de 23 % avec 2–3 poux de stade chalimus 3. La mortalité durant ce test de 24 jours est de 2,4 % chez les poissons infectés initialement avec 1–3 poux. Le [Na+] corporel des poissons capturés porteurs d'infections naturelles (∼4–12 semaines en SW; 0,5–1,5 g) ne diffère pas de celui des témoins non infectés. Une combinaisons des ensembles de données indique l'existence d'un seuil « d'absence d'effet » de 0,5 g en ce qui a trait au [Na+] corporel chez des poissons infectés avec un pou de stade chalimus 4. Nous croyons que cette tolérance aux poux reliée à la taille est associée au développement de l'hypo-osmorégulation, ce qui s'ajoute au mécanisme multifactoriel suggéré antérieurement basé sur le développement de l'épiderme et du système immunitaire. Nous suggérons aux agences de gestion de tenir compte de ce seuil de masse des poissons lorsqu'ils cherchent à minimiser le risque aux populations naturelles. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
منابع مشابه
Physiological consequences of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha): implications for wild salmon ecology and management, and for salmon aquaculture.
Pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, are the most abundant wild salmon species and are thought of as an indicator of ecosystem health. The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, is endemic to pink salmon habitat but these ectoparasites have been implicated in reducing local pink salmon populations in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia. This allegation arose largely because juvenile pin...
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